Chart — Critical Care
Hemodynamic Monitoring Values Chart
A quick-reference table of core hemodynamic monitoring parameters with normal ranges, units, and clinical significance for ICU and critical care nursing practice.
Educational use only. Normal ranges are adult reference values and may vary by institution and patient population. Always interpret hemodynamic values in clinical context with provider guidance. This material supports nursing education and exam review. It is not medical advice and is not a substitute for clinical judgment, institutional policy, or medical direction. Always follow facility protocols and current provider orders.
Core Hemodynamic Parameters
| Parameter | Normal Range | Units | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure) | 70–100 | mmHg | Primary driver of organ perfusion; goal ≥ 65 in shock |
| CVP (Central Venous Pressure) | 2–8 | mmHg | Right atrial filling pressure; preload estimate — limited as sole fluid predictor |
| CO (Cardiac Output) | 4–8 | L/min | Volume pumped per minute; HR × SV; low CO = shock state |
| CI (Cardiac Index) | 2.5–4.0 | L/min/m² | CO normalized to BSA; CI < 2.2 = cardiogenic shock threshold |
| SVR (Systemic Vascular Resistance) | 800–1200 | dynes·sec/cm⁵ | Peripheral resistance / afterload; low = vasodilation; high = vasoconstriction |
| SVV (Stroke Volume Variation) | < 10–13% | % | Fluid responsiveness predictor; > 13% = likely fluid-responsive (mechanically ventilated only) |
Abnormal Values — Clinical Interpretation
| Parameter | Low — Consider | High — Consider |
|---|---|---|
| MAP | Shock (any type), vasodilation, dehydration | Hypertension, vasospasm, high SVR |
| CVP | Hypovolemia, distributive vasodilation | RV failure, fluid overload, tamponade, tension pneumothorax |
| CO / CI | Cardiogenic shock, severe hypovolemia, obstructive shock | Sepsis (early), fever, anemia, hyperthyroidism, pregnancy |
| SVR | Distributive shock (sepsis, anaphylaxis, neurogenic) | Compensatory vasoconstriction (hypovolemic, cardiogenic), hypothermia |
| SVV | < 10%: fluid-unresponsive (adequate preload) | > 13%: fluid-responsive (preload-dependent state) |
Hemodynamic Profiles by Shock Type
| Shock Type | CO | CVP | SVR | MAP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hypovolemic | ↓ | ↓ | ↑ | ↓ |
| Cardiogenic | ↓↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
| Distributive (Septic) | ↑ early / ↓ late | ↓ | ↓↓ | ↓ |
| Obstructive | ↓↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↓ |
Related Resources
Standards & sources
Fact-checked Jun 20, 2026This page is written to align with AHA / ACCCM Hemodynamic Monitoring Standards. It is an educational summary, not a citation of any single document — always verify specific doses, values, and protocols against current guidelines and your facility policy. How we source content →